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culture jamming
Culture jamming (sometimes guerrilla communication)〔(''Images of the street: planning, identity, and control in public space'' ) By Nicholas R. Fyfe, p.274〕〔Gavin Grindon (''Aesthetics and Radical Politics'' )〕 is a tactic used by many anti-consumerist social movements〔"Investigating the Anti-consumerism Movement in North America: The Case of Adbusters';" Binay, Ayse; (2005); dissertation, University of Texas〕 to disrupt or subvert media culture and its mainstream cultural institutions, including (but not limited to) corporate advertising. It attempts to "expose the methods of domination" of a mass society to foster progressive change.〔(p.5 ''Culture Jamming: Ideological Struggle and the Possibilities for Social Change'' ); 2008; Nomai, Afsheen Joseph; retrieved ???〕
Culture jamming is a form of subvertising. Many ''culture jams'' are intended to expose questionable political assumptions behind commercial culture. Tactics include re-figuring logos; fashion statements; and product images as a means to challenge the idea of "what's cool."〔Boden, Sharon and Williams, Simon J. (2002) "Consumption and Emotion: The Romantic Ethic Revisited", Sociology 36(3):493–512〕 Culture jamming often entails using mass media to produce ironic or satirical commentary about itself, commonly using the original medium's communication method.
Culture jamming is employed as a reaction against social conformity. Prominent examples of culture jamming include the adulteration of billboard advertising by the Billboard Liberation Front (BLF), and contemporary artists such as Ron English. Culture jamming may involve street parties and protests. While culture jamming usually focuses on subverting or critiquing political and advertising messages, some proponents focus on a more positive (often musically inspired) form which brings together artists, scholars, and activists to create new types of cultural production that transcend—rather than merely criticize—the status quo.〔LeVine, Mark (2005)'' Why They Don't Hate Us: Lifting the Veil on the Axis of Evil''. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.〕
==Origins of the term, etymology and history==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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